Using Automake and Autoconf with C++
自动生成Makefile--autotools使用
2011-07-31 22:10:59| 分类： | 标签： |字号 大中小
手工写Makefile是一件很有趣的事情，对于比较大型的项目，如果有工具可以代劳，自然是一件好事。在Linux系统开发环境中，GNU Autotools 无疑就充当了这个重要角色。(在Windows系统的开发环境中，IDE工具，诸如Visual Studio，来管理项目也很方便。)
本文以一个简单项目为例子，来讲述GNU Autotools的一列工具及其命令的用法。
autotools是系列工具, 它主要由autoconf、automake、perl语言环境和m4等组成；所包含的命令有五个:
（1）aclocal （2）autoscan （3）autoconf （4）autoheader （5）automake一、准备源代码
（1）目录project包含一个main.c的文件和两个子目录lib与include；lib目录中包含一个test.c，include目录中包含一个test.h。在系统中，显示如下：
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01.[root@localhost project]# ls 02.include lib main.c 03.[root@localhost project]# 04.[root@localhost project]# ls include/ 05.test.h 06.[root@localhost project]# ls lib/ 07.test.c 08.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# lsinclude lib main.c[root@localhost project]#[root@localhost project]# ls include/test.h[root@localhost project]# ls lib/test.c[root@localhost project]#(2)源代码如下：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01./* project/main.c */ 02.#include <stdio.h> 03.#include "include/test.h" 04.int main() 05.{ 06. printf("main entrance.\n"); 07. test_method(); 08. return 0; 09.} /* project/main.c */#include <stdio.h>#include "include/test.h"int main(){ printf("main entrance.\n"); test_method(); return 0;} 、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01./* project/lib/test.c */ 02.#include <stdio.h> 03.#include "../include/test.h" 04.void test_method() 05.{ 06. printf("test method.\n"); 07.} /* project/lib/test.c */#include <stdio.h>#include "../include/test.h"void test_method(){ printf("test method.\n");} 、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、
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01./* project/include/test.h*/ 02.void test_method(); /* project/include/test.h*/void test_method(); 、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、二、autotools 使用步骤
2.1 使用autoscan命令，它将扫描工作目录，生成 configure.scan 文件。
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# autoscan 02.autom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directory 03.autoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1 04.[root@localhost project]# ls 05.autoscan.log configure.scan include lib main.c 06.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# autoscanautom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directoryautoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1[root@localhost project]# lsautoscan.log configure.scan include lib main.c[root@localhost project]#2.2 将configure.scan 文件重命名为configure.ac，并做适当的修改。在 configure.ac 中，# 号开始的行是注释，其他都是m4 宏命令；configure.ac里面的宏的主要作用是侦测系统。
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]mv configure.scan configure.ac 02.[root@localhost project]# ls 03.autoscan.log configure.ac include lib main.c 04.[root@localhost project]# 05.[root@localhost project]# cat configure.ac 06.# -*- Autoconf -*- 07.# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. 08.AC_PREREQ(2.59) 09.AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS) 10.AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([main.c]) 11.AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h]) 12.# Checks for programs. 13.AC_PROG_CC 14.# Checks for libraries. 15.# Checks for header files. 16.# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics. 17.# Checks for library functions. 18.AC_OUTPUT 19.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]mv configure.scan configure.ac[root@localhost project]# lsautoscan.log configure.ac include lib main.c[root@localhost project]#[root@localhost project]# cat configure.ac# -*- Autoconf -*-# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.AC_PREREQ(2.59)AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([main.c])AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])# Checks for programs.AC_PROG_CC# Checks for libraries.# Checks for header files.# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.# Checks for library functions.AC_OUTPUT[root@localhost project]#
2.3 对 configure.ac 文件做适当的修改，修改显示如下[1]：
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01.[root@localhost project]# cat configure.ac 02.# -*- Autoconf -*- 03.# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. 04.AC_PREREQ(2.59) 05.#AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS) 06.AC_INIT(hello,1.0,abc@126.com) 07.AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello,1.0) 08.AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([main.c]) 09.AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h]) 10.# Checks for programs. 11.AC_PROG_CC 12.# Checks for libraries. 13.# Checks for header files. 14.# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics. 15.# Checks for library functions. 16.AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile]) 17.AC_OUTPUT [root@localhost project]# cat configure.ac# -*- Autoconf -*-# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.AC_PREREQ(2.59)#AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)AC_INIT(hello,1.0,abc@126.com)AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello,1.0)AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([main.c])AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])# Checks for programs.AC_PROG_CC# Checks for libraries.# Checks for header files.# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.# Checks for library functions.AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])AC_OUTPUT说明:
（1）以“#”号开始的行均为注释行。
（2）AC_PREREQ 宏声明本文要求的 autoconf 版本, 如本例中的版本 2.59。（3）AC_INIT 宏用来定义软件的名称、版本等信息、作者的E-mail等。
（4）AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE是通过手动添加的, 它是automake所必备的宏, FULL-PACKAGE-NAME是软件名称,VERSION是软件版本号。（5）AC_CONFIG_SCRDIR 宏用来侦测所指定的源码文件是否存在, 来确定源码目录的有效性.。此处为当前目录下main.c。（6）AC_CONFIG_HEADER 宏用于生成config.h文件，以便 autoheader 命令使用。
（7）AC_PROG_CC用来指定编译器，如果不指定，默认gcc。（8）AC_OUTPUT 用来设定 configure 所要产生的文件，如果是makefile，configure 会把它检查出来的结果带入makefile.in文件产生合适的makefile。使用 Automake 时，还需要一些其他的参数，这些额外的宏用aclocal工具产生。（9）AC_CONFIG_FILES宏用于生成相应的Makefile文件。2.4 使用 aclocal 命令，扫描 configure.ac 文件生成 aclocal.m4文件, 该文件主要处理本地的宏定义，它根据已经安装的宏、用户定义宏和 acinclude.m4 文件中的宏将 configure.ac 文件需要的宏集中定义到文件 aclocal.m4 中。[2]
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# aclocal 02.[root@localhost project]# ls 03.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure.in include lib main.c 04.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# aclocal[root@localhost project]# lsaclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure.in include lib main.c[root@localhost project]#
2.5 使用 autoconf 命令生成 configure 文件。这个命令将 configure.ac 文件中的宏展开，生成 configure 脚本。这个过程可能要用到aclocal.m4中定义的宏。
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01.[root@localhost project]# autoconf 02.[root@localhost project]# ls 03.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure configure.in include lib main.c [root@localhost project]# autoconf[root@localhost project]# lsaclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure configure.in include lib main.c 2.6 使用 autoheader 命令生成 config.h.in 文件。该命令通常会从 "acconfig.h” 文件中复制用户附加的符号定义。该例子中没有附加的符号定义, 所以不需要创建 "acconfig.h” 文件[2].view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
01.[root@localhost project]# autoheader 02.[root@localhost project]# ls 03.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log config.h.in configure configure.in include lib main.c 04.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# autoheader[root@localhost project]# lsaclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log config.h.in configure configure.in include lib main.c[root@localhost project]#2.7 手工创建Makefile.am文件。Automake工具会根据 configure.in 中的参量把 Makefile.am 转换成 Makefile.in 文件。
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01.[root@localhost project]# cat Makefile.am 02.UTOMAKE_OPTIONS = foreign 03.bin_PROGRAMS = hello 04.hello_SOURCES = main.c include/test.h lib/test.c [root@localhost project]# cat Makefile.amUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = foreignbin_PROGRAMS = hellohello_SOURCES = main.c include/test.h lib/test.c说明:
（1）其中的AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS为设置automake的选项. 由于GNU对自己发布的软件有严格的规范, 比如必须附带许可证声明文件COPYING等，否则automake执行时会报错. automake提供了3中软件等级:foreign, gnu和gnits, 供用户选择。默认级别是gnu. 在本例中， 使用了foreign等级, 它只检测必须的文件。
（2）bin_PROGRAMS定义要产生的执行文件名. 如果要产生多个执行文件, 每个文件名用空格隔开。
（3）hello_SOURCES 定义”hello”这个可执行程序所需的原始文件。如果”hello”这个程序是由多个源文件所产生的, 则必须把它所用到的所有源文件都列出来，并用空格隔开。如果要定义多个可执行程序，那么需要对每个可执行程序建立对应的file_SOURCES。2.8 使用 Automake 命令生成 Makefile.in 文件。使用选项 "--add-missing" 可以让 Automake 自动添加一些必需的脚本文件。
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# automake --add-missing 02.configure.ac: installing `./install-sh' 03.configure.ac: installing `./missing' 04.Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL' 05.Makefile.am: required file `./NEWS' not found 06.Makefile.am: required file `./README' not found 07.Makefile.am: required file `./AUTHORS' not found 08.Makefile.am: required file `./ChangeLog' not found 09.Makefile.am: installing `./COPYING' 10.Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp' 11.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# automake --add-missingconfigure.ac: installing `./install-sh'configure.ac: installing `./missing'Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'Makefile.am: required file `./NEWS' not foundMakefile.am: required file `./README' not foundMakefile.am: required file `./AUTHORS' not foundMakefile.am: required file `./ChangeLog' not foundMakefile.am: installing `./COPYING'Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'[root@localhost project]#
2.8.1 再次使用 automake ——add-missing 运行一次，可以辅助生成几个必要的文件。
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# automake --add-missing 02.Makefile.am: required file `./NEWS' not found 03.Makefile.am: required file `./README' not found 04.Makefile.am: required file `./AUTHORS' not found 05.Makefile.am: required file `./ChangeLog' not found 06.[root@localhost project]# ls 07.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log config.h.in config.h.in~ configure configure.ac COPYING depcomp include INSTALL install-sh lib main.c Makefile.am missing 08.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# automake --add-missingMakefile.am: required file `./NEWS' not foundMakefile.am: required file `./README' not foundMakefile.am: required file `./AUTHORS' not foundMakefile.am: required file `./ChangeLog' not found[root@localhost project]# lsaclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log config.h.in config.h.in~ configure configure.ac COPYING depcomp include INSTALL install-sh lib main.c Makefile.am missing[root@localhost project]# 2.8.2 在当前目录创建上面未发现的四个文件，并再次使用 automake ——add-missing 运行一次。
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01.[root@localhost project]# touch NEWS 02.[root@localhost project]# touch README 03.[root@localhost project]# touch AUTHORS 04.[root@localhost project]# touch ChangeLog 05.[root@localhost project]# 06.[root@localhost project]# automake --add-missing 07.[root@localhost project]# ls 08.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp INSTALL lib Makefile.am missing README 09.AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h.in config.log configure COPYING include install-sh main.c Makefile.in NEWS 10.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# touch NEWS[root@localhost project]# touch README[root@localhost project]# touch AUTHORS[root@localhost project]# touch ChangeLog[root@localhost project]#[root@localhost project]# automake --add-missing[root@localhost project]# lsaclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp INSTALL lib Makefile.am missing READMEAUTHORS autoscan.log config.h.in config.log configure COPYING include install-sh main.c Makefile.in NEWS[root@localhost project]#2.9 使用 configure 命令， 把 Makefile.in 变成最终的 Makefile 文件。
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# ./configure 02.checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c 03.checking whether build environment is sane... yes 04.checking for gawk... gawk 05.checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes 06.checking for gcc... gcc 07.checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out 08.checking whether the C compiler works... yes 09.checking whether we are cross compiling... no 10.checking for suffix of executables... 11.checking for suffix of object files... o 12.checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes 13.checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes 14.checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed 15.checking for style of include used by make... GNU 16.checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3 17.configure: creating ./config.status 18.config.status: creating Makefile 19.config.status: creating config.h 20.config.status: config.h is unchanged 21.config.status: executing depfiles commands 22.[root@localhost project]# ls 23.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.o 24.AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1 25.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# ./configurechecking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yeschecking for gcc... gccchecking for C compiler default output file name... a.outchecking whether the C compiler works... yeschecking whether we are cross compiling... nochecking for suffix of executables...checking for suffix of object files... ochecking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yeschecking whether gcc accepts -g... yeschecking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none neededchecking for style of include used by make... GNUchecking dependency style of gcc... gcc3configure: creating ./config.statusconfig.status: creating Makefileconfig.status: creating config.hconfig.status: config.h is unchangedconfig.status: executing depfiles commands[root@localhost project]# lsaclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.oAUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1[root@localhost project]#
Makefile文件已经生成成功。
三、Makefile的用法
3.1 make 命令，用来编译代码， 默认执行”make all”命令，可以看到生成了"hello"的可执行文件，
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# make 02.make all-am 03.make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/project' 04.gcc -g -O2 -o hello main.o test.o 05.make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/project' 06.[root@localhost project]# 07.[root@localhost project]# ls 08.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.o 09.AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1 10.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# make
make all-ammake[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/project'gcc -g -O2 -o hello main.o test.omake[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/project'[root@localhost project]#[root@localhost project]# lsaclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.oAUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1[root@localhost project]#3.2 make clean 命令清除编译时的obj文件，它与 make 命令是对应关系，一个是编译，一个清除编译的文件
3.3 运行”./hello”就能看到运行结果:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# ./hello 02.main entrance. 03.test method. 04.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# ./hello
main entrance.test method.[root@localhost project]#3.4 make install 命令把目标文件安装到系统中。这一，直接输入hello, 就可以看到程序的运行结果。
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# make install 02.make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/project' 03.test -z "/usr/local/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/usr/local/bin" 04. /usr/bin/install -c 'hello' '/usr/local/bin/hello' 05.make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'. 06.make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/project' 07.[root@localhost project]# 08.[root@localhost project]# hello 09.main entrance. 10.test method. 11.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# make install
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/project'test -z "/usr/local/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/usr/local/bin" /usr/bin/install -c 'hello' '/usr/local/bin/hello'make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/project'[root@localhost project]#[root@localhost project]# hellomain entrance.test method.[root@localhost project]#3.5 make uninstall 命令把目标文件从系统中卸载。
3.6 make dist 命令将程序和相关的文档打包为一个压缩文档以供发布，在本例子中，生成的打包文件名为：hello-1.0.tar.gz。
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# make dist 02.{ test ! -d hello-1.0 || { find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr hello-1.0; }; } 03.mkdir hello-1.0 04.find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -755 -exec chmod a+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \ 05. ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \ 06. ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \ 07. ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /home/chenjie/project/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \ 08. || chmod -R a+r hello-1.0 09.tardir=hello-1.0 && /bin/sh /home/chenjie/project/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz 10.{ test ! -d hello-1.0 || { find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr hello-1.0; }; } 11.[root@localhost project]# ls 12.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1 13.AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp hello-1.0.tar.gz INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.o 14.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# make dist
{ test ! -d hello-1.0 || { find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr hello-1.0; }; }mkdir hello-1.0find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -755 -exec chmod a+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \ ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \ ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \ ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /home/chenjie/project/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \ || chmod -R a+r hello-1.0tardir=hello-1.0 && /bin/sh /home/chenjie/project/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz{ test ! -d hello-1.0 || { find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr hello-1.0; }; }[root@localhost project]# lsaclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp hello-1.0.tar.gz INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.o[root@localhost project]#
四 如何使用已发布的压缩文档
4.1 下载到“hello-1.0.tar.gz”压缩文档
4.2 使用“ tar -zxvf hello-1.0.tar.gz ”命令解压
4.3 使用 “./configure” 命令，主要的作用是对即将安装的软件进行配置，检查当前的环境是否满足要安装软件的依赖关系。
4.4 使用“ make ” 命令编译源代码文件生成软件包。
4.5 使用 “ make install ”命令来安装编译后的软件包。
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01.[root@localhost chenjie]# ls 02.hello-1.0.tar.gz 03.[root@localhost chenjie]# tar -zxvf hello-1.0.tar.gz 04.[root@localhost chenjie]# ls 05.hello-1.0 hello-1.0.tar.gz 06.[root@localhost chenjie]# cd hello-1.0 07.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# ls 08.aclocal.m4 AUTHORS ChangeLog config.h.in configure configure.ac COPYING depcomp include INSTALL install-sh lib main.c Makefile.am Makefile.in missing NEWS README 09.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# 10.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# 11.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# ./configure 12.checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c 13.checking whether build environment is sane... yes 14.checking for gawk... gawk 15.checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes 16.checking for gcc... gcc 17.checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out 18.checking whether the C compiler works... yes 19.checking whether we are cross compiling... no 20.checking for suffix of executables... 21.checking for suffix of object files... o 22.checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes 23.checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes 24.checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed 25.checking for style of include used by make... GNU 26.checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3 27.configure: creating ./config.status 28.config.status: creating Makefile 29.config.status: creating config.h 30.config.status: executing depfiles commands 31.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# 32.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# make 33.make all-am 34.make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0' 35.if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/main.Tpo" -c -o main.o main.c; \ 36. then mv -f ".deps/main.Tpo" ".deps/main.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/main.Tpo"; exit 1; fi 37.if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -g -O2 -MT test.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/test.Tpo" -c -o test.o `test -f 'lib/test.c' || echo './'`lib/test.c; \ 38. then mv -f ".deps/test.Tpo" ".deps/test.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/test.Tpo"; exit 1; fi 39.gcc -g -O2 -o hello main.o test.o 40.make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0' 41.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# 42.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# make install 43.make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0' 44.test -z "/usr/local/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/usr/local/bin" 45. /usr/bin/install -c 'hello' '/usr/local/bin/hello' 46.make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'. 47.make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0' 48.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# 49.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# hello 50.main entrance. 51.test method. [root@localhost chenjie]# lshello-1.0.tar.gz[root@localhost chenjie]# tar -zxvf hello-1.0.tar.gz[root@localhost chenjie]# lshello-1.0 hello-1.0.tar.gz[root@localhost chenjie]# cd hello-1.0[root@localhost hello-1.0]# lsaclocal.m4 AUTHORS ChangeLog config.h.in configure configure.ac COPYING depcomp include INSTALL install-sh lib main.c Makefile.am Makefile.in missing NEWS README[root@localhost hello-1.0]#[root@localhost hello-1.0]#[root@localhost hello-1.0]# ./configurechecking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yeschecking for gcc... gccchecking for C compiler default output file name... a.outchecking whether the C compiler works... yeschecking whether we are cross compiling... nochecking for suffix of executables...checking for suffix of object files... ochecking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yeschecking whether gcc accepts -g... yeschecking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none neededchecking for style of include used by make... GNUchecking dependency style of gcc... gcc3configure: creating ./config.statusconfig.status: creating Makefileconfig.status: creating config.hconfig.status: executing depfiles commands[root@localhost hello-1.0]#[root@localhost hello-1.0]# makemake all-ammake[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/main.Tpo" -c -o main.o main.c; \ then mv -f ".deps/main.Tpo" ".deps/main.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/main.Tpo"; exit 1; fiif gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -g -O2 -MT test.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/test.Tpo" -c -o test.o `test -f 'lib/test.c' || echo './'`lib/test.c; \ then mv -f ".deps/test.Tpo" ".deps/test.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/test.Tpo"; exit 1; figcc -g -O2 -o hello main.o test.omake[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'[root@localhost hello-1.0]#[root@localhost hello-1.0]# make installmake[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'test -z "/usr/local/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/usr/local/bin" /usr/bin/install -c 'hello' '/usr/local/bin/hello'make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'[root@localhost hello-1.0]#[root@localhost hello-1.0]# hellomain entrance.test method.五、命令使用的整个流程图
图我就不画了，转载两个图[2][3]，对比着看，或许更明白一些。
六、总结
本文描述了如果使用GNU Autotools的来管理源代码，发布源代码包，以及获得源代码包后如何编译、安装。由于这个例子过于简单，GNU Autotools的用法还未完全描述清楚，主要体现在以下几点：
（1）在创建 Makefile.am 文件中，描述的很简单。在实际的项目中，文件关系很复杂，而且还有引用其他动态库、第三方动态库等关系。
（2）虽然 makefile 是自动生成的，但是了解它的规则是非常重要的。makefile 涉及到的规则本文并未加以描述。